Itchy scalp
An itchy scalp is a common problem and can be caused by several factors. The most common culprit is dandruff , a condition characterized by the buildup and shedding of dead skin cells. This can result in:
- Dryness and flaking : These symptoms occur because dead skin cells build up and irritate the skin.
- Redness and inflammation : In more severe cases, dandruff can lead to an inflamed scalp.
- Excessive sebum production : In some cases, overactive sebum production can promote the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which aggravates dandruff.
Solution
Use an anti-dandruff shampoo with active ingredients like zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole to soothe your scalp and reduce flaking.
Dry scalp
A dry scalp often feels tight, tense, and uncomfortable. Common causes include:
- Climate changes : Cold and dry air draws moisture from the skin, causing dryness.
- Hair Care Products : Shampoos or conditioners with harsh chemicals, such as sulfates and alcohol, can strip the skin of its natural oils.
- UV radiation and chlorine : Excessive exposure to the sun and swimming in chlorinated water further dry out the scalp.
Symptoms:
- Flaking without excessive itching.
- Tight and irritated skin.
Solution
Use mild, moisturizing shampoos without sulfates and avoid heat treatments like blow-drying at high temperatures. Regularly applying a nourishing hair mask can help restore the skin.
Eczema on the scalp
Scalp eczema, also known as seborrheic dermatitis, is a chronic condition characterized by:
- Red spots and rash : Often accompanied by intense itching.
- Bumps and blisters : These may burst and discharge fluid, causing further irritation.
- Spread to other areas : Eczema can spread to the neck, ears and parts of the face.
Causes
- Allergic reactions to hair care products.
- Stress and hormonal fluctuations that weaken the skin barrier.
Solution
Avoid triggers such as fragranced products and use a medicated shampoo or corticosteroid cream as prescribed by a doctor.
Flaky scalp
A flaky scalp is caused by excessive skin cell production, resulting in visible flakes. There are two main types:
- Dry flakes : White and fine flakes that come off easily and fall onto the shoulders.
- Oily flakes : Yellow, oily flakes that stick to the scalp and cause itching.
Causes
- A combination of rose and oily skin.
- Using the wrong hair care products.
Solution
Use a shampoo that controls both dandruff and oil, for example with salicylic acid or selenium sulfide.
Crusts on the scalp
Scalp crusts are often caused by a fungal infection known as tinea capitis . This condition can lead to:
- Thick, discolored crusts : Depending on the type of mold, the crusts may be white, yellow, or even dark in color.
- Hair loss : Bald spots may appear around the infection.
- Itching and pain : Especially in severe infections.
Solution
A fungal infection requires medical treatment. A dermatologist can prescribe antifungal creams or oral medications.
Oily scalp
An oily scalp is caused by excessive sebum production by the sebaceous glands. While sebum naturally protects the skin, an excess can lead to:
- Oily hair : Hair quickly looks greasy and feels heavy.
- Itching and inflammation : The excess oil can clog pores and cause irritation.
- Risk of infection : An oily scalp can provide an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and yeasts.
Causes
- Hormonal fluctuations due to age, puberty or pregnancy.
- Using heavy, oily hair products.
Solution
Choose shampoos specifically formulated for oily scalps, such as products with tea tree oil or green clay, to absorb excess sebum.
