Approximately half of the total hyaluronic acid supply in the human body is found in the skin. It is also present in high concentrations in synovial fluid, the eyes, and connective tissue. The unique property of hyaluronic acid is its unparalleled ability to bind water: a single molecule can hold up to a thousand times its own weight in moisture. This makes it the most effective natural source of hydration our body has.
Biological functions and mechanisms of action
In biology, hyaluronic acid functions as a versatile support agent. It not only functions as a moisture reservoir but also plays a mechanical role.
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Shock absorption and lubrication: In the joints it acts as a viscous lubricant, allowing bones to move smoothly over each other and absorbing shocks.
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Skin structure: Within the dermis (the deeper layer of the skin), it provides volume and elasticity. It fills the spaces between collagen and elastin fibers, helping the skin maintain its firmness.
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Tissue repair: Hyaluronic acid plays an active role in the various phases of natural wound healing. It supports cell migration to areas where tissue repair is necessary.
As we age, the body's natural production of hyaluronic acid steadily declines. This process often begins around the age of 25, which can result in less supple skin and reduced tissue lubrication.
Molecular Weight: Why Size Matters
Not every type of hyaluronic acid has the same effect. Scientific distinctions are made based on molecular weight, measured in Daltons. This weight determines how the molecule interacts with the body.
High molecular weight (HMW): These larger molecules remain primarily on the skin's surface. There, they form a breathable, protective film that prevents transepidermal water loss (the evaporation of moisture from the skin). They provide immediate hydration and a soothing effect on the upper tissue layers.
Low molecular weight (LMW) Smaller fragments of hyaluronic acid have the ability to penetrate deeper into tissue structures. Instead of simply forming a barrier, they contribute to hydration from within and play a role in cell signaling, which is essential for maintaining healthy tissue structure in the long term.
Hyaluronic acid vs. sodium hyaluronate
On ingredient lists, you'll often see "Sodium Hyaluronate" instead of "Hyaluronic Acid." Sodium hyaluronate is the salt of hyaluronic acid. The major advantage of this form is its stability and smaller molecular size. This makes it more easily absorbed by tissues and less susceptible to oxidation, which enhances its effectiveness in high-quality formulations.
Applications and targeted use
From a clinical perspective, hyaluronic acid is used in various ways to support natural bodily functions:
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Topical care: Serums and creams aimed at restoring moisture balance and protecting the skin barrier.
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Supplements: Oral intake is used to support general fluid retention in the connective tissue and skin from within, as a supplement to the daily diet.
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Medical applications: Use in eye drops to support the tear film and in injections for joint support by medical specialists.
Summary
Hyaluronic acid is an essential component of a healthy body. Its ability to hydrate, lubricate, and structure tissues forms the foundation for a vibrant appearance and smooth movement. Understanding the different molecular weights and forms, such as sodium hyaluronate, helps you make informed choices about targeted support.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is hyaluronic acid suitable for every skin type? Yes, because hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance, it's very well tolerated by almost everyone, even sensitive skin. It supports moisture balance without clogging pores.
What's the difference between hyaluronic acid in food and supplements? While certain foods (such as bone broth or organ meats) can stimulate production, supplements provide a concentrated and standardized amount with a specific molecular weight for optimal absorption.
How quickly are the effects of hyaluronic acid noticeable? When applied topically, hydration is often noticeable immediately. When taken orally, it takes an average of several weeks for the concentrations in the tissues to build up and the internal support to become visible.
Is hyaluronic acid safe for long-term use? As a naturally occurring substance, hyaluronic acid is safe for long-term structural support when used in accordance with the recommended dosages.
