What is silicon?
Silicon is the third most abundant trace element in the human body. It is primarily found in tissues requiring high levels of strength and elasticity, such as the aorta, trachea, tendons, bones, and skin. In nature, it rarely occurs in its free form; it usually binds with oxygen to form silica (silicon dioxide).
For humans, the most relevant form is the bioavailable form, orthosilicic acid. This form is water-soluble and can be absorbed directly by the body through the gastrointestinal tract.
The role of silicon in biological processes
Silicon's functions are versatile and deeply rooted in our physiology. It acts as a kind of "biological glue" that holds structures together.
1. Supports collagen formation
One of silicon's most important functions is its involvement in collagen synthesis. Collagen is the most abundant protein in our body and is responsible for the strength of our skin and the flexibility of our joints. Silicon plays a role in activating enzymes involved in the formation of the collagen matrix, which is essential for tissue elasticity and regeneration.
2. Bone mineralization and connective tissue
In bones, silicon works closely with calcium. While calcium provides hardness, silicon contributes to flexibility and the early stages of bone formation. It stimulates the cells responsible for bone tissue production (osteoblasts) and supports mineral deposition in the bone matrix. This helps maintain strong bones and healthy cartilage.
3. Protection of blood vessels
The walls of large blood vessels, such as the aorta, contain high concentrations of silicon. It contributes to the integrity of elastin fibers. As we age, the silicon concentration in the blood vessel walls often decreases, which can affect the natural resilience of the vessels.
Absorption and bioavailability
Not all forms of silicon are absorbed equally well. The absorption capacity (bioavailability) varies considerably depending on the source:
-
Orthosilicic acid (OSA): This is the most absorbable form. It occurs naturally in drinking water and certain beverages such as beer.
-
Dietary sources: Whole grains (especially oats and millet), vegetables (such as green beans), and fruits (such as bananas) contain silicon. However, the silicon in plants is often bound to fiber, making it harder for the body to release.
-
Supplements: With supplements, the chemical form is decisive. Stabilized orthosilicic acid or organic forms such as monomethylsilanetriol (MMST) have a higher absorption rate than simple silicon dioxide (sand form).
Why needs change as we age
The total amount of silicon in the body decreases as we age. This process begins at a relatively young age. Moreover, hormonal changes, such as menopause, can affect the efficiency of silicon metabolism. Because natural collagen synthesis also slows with age, the supply of supporting nutrients such as silicon becomes increasingly important for maintaining tissue structure.
Characteristics of a reduced silicon status
Although official deficiency is rare with a varied diet, certain outward signs may indicate a lower status of this mineral:
- Brittle nails that split quickly.
- Dull hair that loses its bounce.
- A drier skin with reduced elasticity.
- Sensitive joints and less flexible connective tissue.
Summary
Silicon is much more than a simple mineral found in nature; it's a fundamental building block for human health. Its role in collagen synthesis and bone mineralization makes it an essential element for those striving to maintain vital bodily structures, from the deepest bone matrix to the outer layers of the skin.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is silicon safe to use long-term? Yes, silicon is considered safe when taken in the recommended doses. The body is very efficient at excreting excess through the kidneys.
What's the difference between silica and silicon? Silicon is the pure element, while silica (silicon dioxide) is the compound of silicon and oxygen. In supplementation, the terms are often used interchangeably, but they always refer to the bioavailable form of silicon.
Can I get enough silicon from my diet? Although silicon is found in many foods, absorption from plants is often limited. A diet rich in whole grains and fiber-rich vegetables contributes to your intake, but if you need more, a targeted supplement can help.
